Lithium-ion is the battery chemistry of choice for future generations of portable electronics and hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and electric cars. In 2008, lithium-ion battery research had more funding than all other battery technologies combined. Nanotechnology and chemistry advances in electrode design are the key research topics that companies are using to push lithium-ion to be the dominant energy storage technology in the future.
The portable rechargeable battery market, of which lithium-ion has a 75% share, is the fastest growing segment of the rechargeable battery market, showing world market growth of 20% in 2008. Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, still important for power tools and back-up systems, will decline rapidly in market share by 2013 due to stricter environmental controls on cadmium. And Ni-MH will see its market share slowly erode due to increasing lithium-ion market share and new silver-zinc and nickel-zinc rechargeable battery chemistries that are coming to market.
But despite the growing portable rechargeable battery market share, tried and true lead-acid battery technology continues to head rechargeable battery sales with a U.S. rechargeable battery market share of 79% in 2008. Current research using carbon based cathodes means that we will see lead acid batteries hold their traditional stronghold markets of automotive, industrial, and telecommunications backup markets.
Ni-MH hybrid vehicle batteries, which accounted for 1.7% of the world rechargeable battery market in 2008, will grow to hold 4.2% of market share by 2013 and will be shared by Ni-MH and lithium-ion batteries. Large scale batteries, particularly sodium sulfur (NaS), will grow from a $235 million per year market to $900 million a year in 2013 on the growth of increased renewable energy power generation.
There are other possibilities on the energy storage horizon such as ultracapacitors and fuel cells. But the reality of the next five years is that rechargeable batteries will continue to be the energy storage system of choice for portable electronics and power tools, as well expand new markets in motor vehicles and large scale renewable energy systems.
Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Technologies and Trends Worldwide contains comprehensive data on the U.S. and world market for storage batteries, including historical (2002-2008) and forecast (2009-2013) market size data. The report identifies key factors driving battery research, trends affecting the marketplace and market growth, and profiles major marketers and consumer demographics.
The information in Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Worldwide Trends and Opportunities is based on data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Census Bureau, the United Nations Statistics Division, and official census information from Japan, South Korea, Mexico and the United Nations ComTrade database. Other information comes from trade associations such as Battery Council International, business journals, company literature and websites, and research services such as Simmons Market Research Bureau. Trends and recent developments in the industry come directly from personal interviewers with key players in manufacturing, sales, and research and development of rechargeable batteries.
Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Technologies and Trends Worldwide provides a concise, focused look on the world of rechargeable batteries as it exists today, and shows where battery technology is moving towards in the next five years. The report highlights key players in the industry and pinpoints ways current and prospective competitors can capitalize on recent trends and spearhead new ones. No other market research report provides both the comprehensive analysis and extensive data that Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Technologies and Trends Worldwide offers. Plus, you’ll benefit from extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical charts, tables and graphs.
Table of Contents :
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Scope
Methodology
The Market
The World Rechargeable Battery Market in 2008
Figure 1-1: World Secondary Battery Market, 2004-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Figure 1-2: Rechargeable Battery Market Share by Battery Chemistry, 2008 (percent)
The U.S. Rechargeable Battery Market Tops $8 Billion in 2008
Figure 1-3: U.S. Rechargeable Battery Market, 2002-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Table 1-1: U.S. Primary and Secondary Battery Markets, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Countries That Manufacture Rechargeable Batteries
Figure 1-4: Countries Importing Rechargeable Batteries to the U.S., 2008 ( percent)
Market Trends
The Top Rechargeable Battery Manufacturing Companies of 2008
Figure 1-5: Manufacturers of Lead-Acid Storage Batteries by Battery Revenue, 2008 (percent)
Figure 1-6: Manufacturers of Portable Rechargeable Batteries by Battery Revenue, 2008 (percent)
The Dominance of Lithium-Ion Imports for the U.S. Market
The Dominance of Lithium-ion Batteries in Portable Electronics
Hybrid Vehicles Sales in the U.S
Figure 1-7: Battery Manufacturer Market Share for Hybrid Vehicle Ni-MH Batteries, 2008 (percent)
Battery Manufacturing Costs
Figure 1-8: U.S. Battery Manufacturing Producer Price Indexes: Primary & Secondary Batteries, 1998-2008 (index)
Rechargeable Battery Development Costs
Battery Environmentalism
Figure 1-9: RBRC Collection of Portable Rechargeable Batteries, 2001-2008 (in millions of pounds)
Battery Safety
Dawn of a New Era for Lithium-Ion in the U.S
Emerging Rechargeable Battery Technologies
Emerging Lithium-Ion Cathode Technologies
Table 1-2: Energy Density and Cost of Different Lithium-Ion Cathodes, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Emerging Lithium-Ion Anode Technologies
Emerging Non-Lithium Battery Technologies
Emerging Large Scale Battery Technologies
U.S. Government Funding in Rechargeable Battery Technologies
Figure 1-10: Department of Energy Secondary Battery Funding Structure, 2008
U.S. Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Research
Table 1-3: Lithium-ion Capability Against USABC/FreedomCAR HEV Requirements, 2008
Battery research around the world
Consumer Trends
Retail Sales of Rechargeable Batteries Only a Small Fraction of the Market
OEM Portable Rechargeable Battery Usage in U.S. Homes
Figure 1-11: U.S. Ownership of Laptops, Cell Phones, Cordless Phones & Media Players by Percentage of Adult Population, 2004-2008
OEM Lead-Acid Rechargeable Battery Usage in U.S. Homes
Figure 1-12: U.S. Ownership of Vehicles by Percentage of Adult Population, 2004-2008
The Battery Landscape of 2013
World and U.S. Battery Market Forecast to 2013
Figure 1-13: World Rechargeable Battery Market Forecast, 2009-2013 (in billions of dollars)
Figure 1-14: U.S. Rechargeable Battery Market Forecast, 2009-2013 (in billions of dollars)
Chapter 2: Battery Primer
Parts of a battery
Basic Battery Terminology
Table 2-1: Important Rechargeable Battery Characteristics
Current Rechargeable Battery Types
Figure 2-1: Performance of Several Types of Batteries
Lead-Acid Chemistries
Nickel Based Chemistries
Nickel Cadmium Batteries (Ni-Cd)
Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries (Ni-MH)
Lithium-Ion Based Chemistries
Lithium Cobalt Oxide Electrode (LCO)
Lithium Manganese Spinel Electrode (LMS)
Lithium Metal Phosphate (LMP)
Lithiated Mixed Oxide Cathodes (NCA and NCM)
Lithium-Ion Polymer
Large Scale Batteries
Flow Batteries
High Temperature Sodium Batteries
Chapter 3: The Market
Scope of the Report
Methodology
The World Rechargeable Battery Market
Figure 3-1: World Secondary Battery Market, 2004-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Figure 3-2: Rechargeable Battery Market Share by Battery Chemistry, 2008
The Top Rechargeable Battery Manufacturing Countries
Countries That Import Batteries to the U.S.
Table 3-1: Top Rechargeable Battery Import Countries to the United States, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
U.S. Battery Market
Figure 3-3: U.S. Battery Market, 2002-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Table 3-2: U.S. Battery Shipments, Imports & Exports, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 3-4: Share of U.S. Battery Market by Category, 2008 (percent)
Rechargeable Batteries Gaining Ground
Figure 3-5: U.S. Rechargeable Battery Market, 2002-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Table 3-3: U.S. Primary and Secondary Battery Markets, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
U.S. Lead-Acid Battery Market
Figure 3-6: U.S. Lead-Acid Battery Market, 2002-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Table 3-4: U.S. Lead-Acid Battery Shipments, Imports & Exports, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 3-7: U.S. Lead-Acid Battery Shipments, 2002-2008 (in billions of dollars)
U.S. Ni-Cd Battery Market
Table 3-5: U.S. Ni-Cd Battery Imports and Exports, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
U.S. Lithium-ion and Ni-MH Battery Market
Figure 3-8: U.S. Lithium-Ion and Ni-MH Battery Imports, 2002-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Table 3-6: U.S. Rechargeable Battery Imports and Exports (Excluding Lead-Acid & Ni-Cd), 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 3-9: U.S. Portable Computer and Cellular Phone Imports, 2002-2008 (in millions of units)
Large Scale Battery Market
Hybrid vehicle market
Figure 3-10: U.S. Hybrid Vehicle Sales, 2000-2008 (in thousands of vehicles sold)
World Rechargeable Battery Market Forecast to 2013
Figure 3-11: World Rechargeable Battery Market Forecast, 2009-2013 (in billions of dollars)
Figure 3-12: Rechargeable Battery Market Share by Battery Chemistry, 2013 (percent)
U.S. Rechargeable Battery Market Forecast to 2013
Figure 3-13: U.S. Battery Market Forecast, 2009-2013 (in billions of dollars)
Table 3-7 U.S. Rechargeable Battery Market Forecast by Battery Type, 2009-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 3-14: U.S. Rechargeable Battery Market Forecast, 2009-2013 (in billions of dollars)
Chapter 4: Market Trends
The Global Economic Slowdown
Figure 4-1: Historical and Forecasted U.S. Real GDP, 2004-2013 (Percentage Change)
The Dominance of Lithium-Ion Imports for the U.S. Market
Figure 4-2: U.S. Rechargeable Battery Imports and Exports (Excluding Lead-Acid & Ni-Cd), 2002-2008 (in millions of units)
The Dominance of Lithium-ion Batteries in Portable Electronics
The Energy Density Factor
Figure 4-3: Thickness of Apple’s iPod Classic by iPod Generation, 2001-2007 (thickness in inches)
Standardized Sizing for Lithium-Ion Cells
Portable Electronics Are Everywhere
Figure 4-4: U.S. Portable Computer Imports and Exports, 2002-2008 (in millions of units)
Lithium-Ion Taking Over in the Cordless Power Tools Market
Hybrid Vehicles
Panasonic EV Dominates the HEV Battery Market
Figure 4-5: Battery Manufacturer Market Share for Hybrid Vehicle Ni-MH Batteries, 2008 (percent)
Auto Makers and Battery Makers Pair Up
Table 4-1: Automobile/Lithium-Ion Battery Hybrid Vehicle Manufacturing Relationships, 2008
The (Slow) Adoption of Lithium-Ion for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
Lead-Acid Battery Trends
SLI Lead-Acid Battery Trends
Figure 4-6: U.S. Import and Export Unit Volumes of SLI Lead-Acid Batteries, 2002-2008 (in millions of units)
Table 4-2: Breakdown of U.S. Import and Export Unit Volumes of SLI Lead-Acid Batteries, 2002-2008 (in thousands of units)
Industrial Batteries
Figure 4-7: U.S. Import and Export Unit Volumes of Non-SLI Lead-Acid Batteries, 2002-2008 (in millions of units)
Table 4-3: Breakdown of U.S. Import and Export Unit Volumes of Non-SLI Lead-Acid Batteries, 2002-2008 (in thousands of units)
Ni-Cd Battery Trends
Ni-MH Battery Trends
Large Scale Battery Trends
Understanding Rechargeable Battery Costs
U.S. Battery Manufacturing Producer Price Index
Figure 4-8: U.S. Battery Manufacturing Producer Price Indexes: Primary & Secondary Batteries, 1998-2008 (index)
Figure 4-9: U.S. Battery Manufacturing Producer Price Indexes for Different Secondary Battery Types, 1998-2008 (index)
Metal Prices
Figure 4-10: Prices of Metals Used in Secondary Battery Manufacturing (Indexed to 2000), Yearly Average 2000-2008 (index)
Figure 4-11: Prices of Metals Used in Secondary Battery Manufacturing (Indexed to 2000), Monthly Average April 2007-November 2008 (index)
Foreign Lithium: The New Foreign Oil?
The Price of Research
Manufacturing Costs
Batteries Going Green
Manufacturing Legislations
Recycling
Figure 4-12: RBRC Collection of Portable Rechargeable Batteries, 2001-2008 (in millions of pounds)
The Rise of Safety as a Consideration for Rechargeable Batteries
The Great Sony Battery Recall(s)
Plane Fires and the New DOT Regulations for Transporting Lithium-Ion by Air
Rechargeable Battery Counterfeiting
Other Important Events in the Battery world
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program (ATVM)
National Advanced Transportation Battery Cell Manufacture Alliance
Chapter 5: Emerging Technologies
U.S. Government Funding in Rechargeable Battery Technologies
Figure 5-1: Department of Energy Secondary Battery Funding Structure, 2008
Government Funded Battery Laboratories
Lithium-Ion Battery Government Research Funding
Other (Non-Lithium-Ion) Battery Government Research Funding
Figure 5-2: Department of Energy Secondary Battery Funding, 2008 (in millions of dollars)
Key Secondary Battery Research Companies
Emerging Lithium Battery Technologies
Nanotechnology Providing New Lithium-Ion Battery Chemistries
Secondary Battery Nanotechnology highlights
Emerging Lithium-Ion Cathode Technologies
Table 5-1: Energy Density and Cost of Different Lithium-Ion Cathodes, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Lithiated Mixed Oxide Cathodes (NCA and NCM)
Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes
Emerging Lithium-Ion Anode Technologies
Amorphous Tin Anode
Lithium Titinate Anode
Silicon Based Anodes
Emerging Lithium-Ion Separator Technologies
Lithium-Ion Polymer Research
Emerging Non-Lithium Battery Technologies
Nickel Zinc (Ni-Zn)
Silver-Zinc
Lithium-Sulfur
Carbon Foam Lead-Acid
Metal-Air cell design
Bio-Battery
Large Scale Batteries
Other (Non-Battery) Energy Storage Technologies
Fuel Cells
Flywheels
Ultracapacitors
Hybrid Batteries
Battery Research Around the world
Europe
China
Japan
Important Recent Milestones for Battery Technology
Progress on FreedomCAR’s HEV and PHEV Goals
Table 5-2: Lithium-ion Capability Against USABC/FreedomCAR HEV Requirements, 2008
The Battery Technology Landscape of 2013
Chapter 6: Competitor Profiles
Figure 6-1: Breakdown of Largest Manufacturers of Storage Batteries by Battery Revenue, 2008 (percent)
Lead-Acid Batteries
Figure 6-2: Manufacturers of Lead-Acid Storage Batteries by Battery Revenue, 2008 (percent)
Portable Rechargeable Batteries
Figure 6-3: Manufacturers of Portable Rechargeable Batteries by Battery Revenue, 2008 (percent)
Table 6-1: Lithium-Ion Cell Production of Top Category Companies, 2008 (in millions of cells per month)
Large Scale Batteries
Acquisitions, Mergers and Joint Ventures
The Merging of Giants: Panasonic and SANYO
Johnson Controls Teams Up With Saft
Consolidation in the Lead-Acid Market
Johnson Controls
Overview
Performance
Figure 6-4: World JCI Power Solutions Segment Revenue, FY2004-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Figure 6-5: Breakdown of JCI Power Solutions Revenue by Region, FY2008 (percent)
Research & Development
Product Portfolio
Table 6-2: Johnson Controls Rechargeable Battery Product Portfolio, 2008
Significant Developments
Exide Technologies
Overview
Performance
Figure 6-6: Exide Technologies World Battery Revenue, FY2006-2009 (in billions of dollars)
Table 6-3: Exide Technologies World Battery Revenue by Business Segment, FY2005-2009 (in millions of dollars)
Research & Development
Product Portfolio
Table 6-4: Exide Technologies Lead-Acid Battery Product Portfolio, 2008
Significant developments
EnerSys
Overview
Performance
Table 6-5: EnerSys Inc. World Battery Revenue by Business Segment, FY2005-2009 (in millions of dollars)
Research & Development
Product Portfolio
Table 6-6: EnerSys Inc. Rechargeable Battery Product Portfolio, 2008
Significant Developments
SANYO Electric
Overview
Figure 6-7: Breakdown of SANYO Total Revenue by Region, FY2007 (percent)
Performance
Figure 6-8: SANYO Electric Co. Ltd. World Battery Revenue, FY2004-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Research & Development
Product Portfolio
Table 6-7: SANYO Rechargeable Battery Product Portfolio, 2008
Significant Developments
Sony Corporation
Overview
Performance
Figure 6-9: Sony Corporation World Components Category Revenue, FY2004-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Research & Development
Product Portfolio
Table 6-8: Sony Rechargeable Battery Product Portfolio, 2008
Significant developments
Samsung SDI
Overview
Performance
Figure 6-10: World Samsung SDI Energy Segment Revenue, FY2004-2008 (in billions of dollars)
Research & Development
Product Portfolio
Significant developments
Panasonic Corporation
Overview
Performance
Table 6-9: Panasonic Corporation Worldwide Total Sales and Net Income, FY2005-2009 (in billions of yen)
Figure 6-11: Panasonic Corporation World External Battery Sales, FY2005-2009 (in billions of dollars)
Research & Development
Product Portfolio
Table 6-10: Panasonic Corporation’s Rechargeable Battery Product Portfolio, 2008
Significant developments
Players in Battery Development
A123Systems
Altair Nanotechnologies
Firefly Energy
NGK Insulators
Other Ranking Manufacturers of Rechargeable Batteries
Table 6-11: Other Ranking Manufacturers of Lead-Acid Storage Batteries, 2008
Table 6-12: Other Ranking Manufacturers of Lithium-Ion and Ni-MH Storage Batteries, 2008
Dominant U.S. Exporting Battery Producing Countries
Overview
Figure 6-12: Countries Importing Rechargeable Batteries to the U.S., 2008 (percent)
Figure 6-13: Storage Battery Imports by Type to U.S. Market, 2008
Japan
Table 6-13: Japan’s World Export and Import Trade Statistics for Secondary Batteries, 2003-2008 (in millions of dollars)
China
Table 6-14: China’s World Export and Import Trade Statistics for Secondary Batteries, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
South Korea
Table 6-15: Republic of Korea’s World Export and Import Trade Statistics for Secondary Batteries, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Mexico
Figure 6-14: Mexico’s Storage Battery Imports by Type to U.S. Market, 2008 (percent)
Table 6-16: Mexico’s World and US Export Trade Statistics for Lead-Acid Batteries, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
The Dominant U.S. Export Markets
Figure 6-15: U.S. Storage Battery Exports by Country, 2008 (percent)
Figure 6-16: U.S. Storage Battery Exports by Type, 2008 (percent)
Canada
Table 6-17: US Export Trade to Canada for Secondary Batteries, 2002-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Chapter 7: Consumer Use
Note on Simmons Market Research Bureau Consumer Data
Consumer Confidence Index at an All Time Low
Primary Batteries Still Dominate the Home Market (But Not By Much)
Figure 7-1: IRI-Tracked U.S. Primary Battery and Retail Rechargeable Battery Sales, 2003- 2008 (in millions of dollars)
Rechargeable Batteries in the Home
Figure 7-2: U.S. Household Penetration of Batteries by Year, 2004-2008 (percent)
Brand Penetration for Retail Rechargeable Batteries
Table 7-1: IRI-Tracked U.S. Retail Rechargeable Battery Sales by Manufacturer, 2003-2008 (in millions of dollars)
OEM Rechargeable Battery Usage in U.S. Homes
Figure 7-3: Portable Rechargeable Battery Use by Market Segment, 2007 (percent)
Figure 7-4: U.S. Ownership of Laptops, Cell Phones, Cordless Phones & Media Players by Percentage of Adult Population, 2004-2008.
Lead-Acid Battery Usage in the Home
Figure 7-5: U.S. Ownership of Vehicles by Percentage of Adult Population, 2004-2008.
Portable Electronics Demographics
Figure 7-6: Percentage of Each U.S. Age Demographic that Owns Laptops, Cell Phones, Cordless Phones & Media Players, 2008
Figure 7-7: Percentage of Each U.S. Income Demographic that Owns Laptops, Cell Phones, Cordless Phones & Media Players, 2008
Cellular Phone Ownership in the U.S
Table 7-2: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Cellular Phone Ownership in the U.S., 2008 (index)
Notebook PC Ownership in the U.S.
Table 7-3: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Notebook PC Ownership in the U.S., 2008 (index)
Portable Media Player Ownership in the U.S.
Table 7-4: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Portable Media Player Ownership in the U.S., 2008 (index)
Cordless Phone Ownership in the U.S
Table 7-5: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Cordless Phones Bought in the last 12 Months in the U.S., 2008 (index)
Retail Rechargeable Battery Demographics
Table 7-6: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Purchasing Rechargeable Batteries in the U.S., 2008 (index)
Lead-Acid Battery Demographics
Car/Pickup/SUV Ownership in the U.S.
Table 7-7: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Individuals Who Own Two Car/Pickup/SUVs in the U.S., 2008 (index)
ATV Ownership in the U.S.
Table 7-8: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for ATV Ownership in the U.S., 2008 (index)
Motorcycle Ownership in the U.S
Table 7-9: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Motorcycle Ownership in the U.S., 2008 (index)
Hybrid Vehicle Use in the U.S.
Table 7-10: Demographics of Prius Owners in the U.S., 2008 (index and percent)
The Evolution of Green in Rechargeable Batteries
Recycling Effectiveness
Figure 7-8: Percentage of U.S. Adult Population That Recycles & Total Weight of Recycled Portable Rechargeable Batteries, 2004-2008
Figure 7-9: Percentage of Each Age Demographic that Recycle Batteries, 2008
Table 7-11: Demographic Indicators and Resistors for Battery Recycling, 2008 (index)
Green is Affecting How Consumers Purchase Rechargeable Batteries
