Concentrating solar thermal power plants are forecast to undergo a real boom in the coming years and decades. The sunny regions of Asia, the USA, and North Africa provide an almost inexhaustible space potential. Experts have long agreed that solar thermal technology will enable the replacement of conventional, fossil fuelled, or nuclear power plants in the long term. Recent studies by Greenpeace and A.T. Kearney confirm the increasing competitiveness.
Concentrated solar thermal electricity (STE) is competitive. Within the next ten years, there will be an opportunity to generate this economically and free of subsidies. In doing so, it will compete with fossil fuels. Moreover, STE represents an increasingly more attractive addition to the renewable energy portfolio, of which it has a relevant share. The thermal solar capacity installed worldwide will ideally reach 100 gigawatts (GW) by 2025. This could create up to 130,000 jobs.
International studies have also announced the continuous rise of solar-thermal power plants. The cost of generating STE electricity can be reduced by up to 30 percent by 2015 and even by more than 50 percent by 2025. As such, solar-thermal electricity can contribute significantly to reaching certain energy and environmental targets, for example the EU’s 20-20-20 goal.
Companies Mentioned:
Abengoa
Acciona Energy
Ausra/ AREVA Solar
eSolar
Sierra SunTower
BrightSource Energy
Solel Solar Systems
Solar Millennium
Sunrgi
Executive Summary
What is Solar Thermal Energy?
Introduction
History of the Industry
Market Overview
How a Solar Thermal Power Plant Works
Different Types of Solar Thermal Collectors
Low Temperature Collectors
Medium Temperature Collectors
High Temperature Collectors
System Designs
Parabolic Trough
Solar Power Tower
Parabolic Solar Dish
Fresnel Reflectors
Linear Fresnel Reflector Technologies
Fresnel Lenses
MicroCSP
CLFR Power Plant
Role of Heat Exchange in Solar Thermal
Role of Heat Storage
Steam Accumulator
Molten Salt Storage
Graphite Heat Storage
Phase Change Materials
Usage of Water in Solar Thermal
Solar Resource and Land Usage
Converting Solar Energy to Electrical Energy
Solar Thermal Value Chain and Suppliers
Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power
Overview
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Sustainability
Hybrid Solar Thermal Power Plants
Advantages of Solar Thermal Power
Challenges to Commercializing Solar Thermal Power
Solid Financing through Longâ€term Power Purchasing Guarantees
Power Grids
No Limit on Power Plant Size in Laws Regarding the Supply of Energy to the Grid
Regulations Regarding Power from Renewable Energies
End Tax Disadvantages
Technology Quota
Technical Challenges Facing the Industry
Research and Development
Economics of Solar Thermal
Levelized Cost Overview
Impact of Solar Thermal on Emissions, Economies, and Employment
Financing Solar Thermal Power Plants
Overview
General Sources of Capital
Types of Financing and Ownership Structure
Cash Flow Related Lending
Risk Sharing
Off Balance Sheet Financing
Reliability of Solar Thermal Plants
Solar Thermal versus Photovoltaics
Solar Thermal versus Fossil Fuels
Requirement for Large Areas of Land
Industry Forecast
Case Study: Solar Thermal Power in Mojave Desert
Overview
Solar One and Solar Two
Solar Energy Generating Systems
Nevada Solar One
Copper Mountain Solar Facility
Nellis Solar Power Plant
Sierra SunTower
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility
Mojave Solar Park
AV Solar Ranch One
Social and Economic Impact of the Mojave Desert Solar Thermal Plants
Impact on Desert Soil Ecosystems
Impact of Solar Thermal Power Plants on the Mojave Desert
Carbon Loss
Loss of Future Carbon Sequestration
Other Potential Impacts
Major Solar Thermal Power Plants
Alvarado I
Andasol Solar Power Station
Archimede Solar Power Plant
Extresol Solar Power Station
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility
Kimberlina Solar Thermal Energy Plant
Liddell Power Station
Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center
Nevada Solar One
PS10 Solar Power Plant
PS20 Solar Power Plant
Shiraz Solar Power Plant
Sierra SunTower
Solar Energy Generating Systems
Solnova Solar Power Station
Themis Solar Power Plant
Valle Solar Power Station
Yazd Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Power Station
Major Players
Abengoa
Acciona Energy
Ausra/ AREVA Solar
eSolar
Sierra SunTower
BrightSource Energy
Solel Solar Systems
Solar Millennium
Sunrgi
Appendix
Glossary
About the Publisher
Figures and Tables
Figures
Figure 1: Parabolic Trough
Figure 2: Concentrating Solar Power System
Figure 3: Solar Two
Figure 4: eSolar’s 5MW Sierra SunTower Facility
Figure 5: Parabolic Solar Dish Concentrating the Sun’s Rays on the Heating Element of a Stirling Engine
Figure 6: CLFR Power Plant
Figure 7: Solar Resource in the US
Figure 8: Solar Resource in Europe and Northern Africa
Figure 9: Solar Resource in China
Figure 10: Power Plant Size: Lowest Costs at 200 MW
Figure 11: Development Potential for Renewable Energies
Figure 12: Annual Electricity Sales by Sector (Billion Kilowatt Hours)
Figure 13: Business as Usual Scenario for Power Generation
Figure 14: Seasonal Correlation of Solar Thermal and CA Grid Demands
Figure 15: Ausra Line Focus Demonstration in Australia
Figure 16: The Solar Two Project in California Uses a Field of Mirrors to Focus Solar Energy onto a Central Boiler to Produce Steam & Electricity
Figure 17: Future Opportunities for Solar Thermal Power Plant Technology
Figure 18: Single Tower Solar Thermal Plant Structure
Figure 19: Andasol Solar Power Station
Figure 20: PS10 Power Plant
Figure 21: PS10 Solar Power Plant in the Foreground, with the PS20 in the Background
Figure 22: Array of Heliostats
Figure 23: Portions of Four of the Five SEGS III through VII Plants Located at Kramer Junction
Figure 24: First Three Units of Solnova Two Towers in the Background are the PS10 and PS20 Solar Power Stations
Figure 25: First Commercial Concentrating PS10 Solar Power Tower Operating near the City of Seville
Figure 26: Solar Thermal vs Solar PV
Figure 27: Solar Thermal Technologies
Figure 28: Investment in Solar Technologies
Figure 29: Future Solar Thermal Project by Technology
Tables
Table 1: Energy Cost/Delivery via Current CLFR Solar Array Technology
Table 2: Features of Solar Thermal Power Systems
Table 3: CSP Components and Raw Materials
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