The cost of the installed base of CSP at the end of 2011 is estimated at $9.5 billion. Of that roughly 93% of the installed base value is in parabolic trough technology. By 2015, that percentage is forecast to drop to 70% as power tower, also called central receiving station technology, becomes more common. The other two CSP technologies, linear Fresnel reflector and the Stirling engine/dish design are decidedly lacking although there are a few small projects going forward.
The seemingly smooth upward curve of CSP productions hides some facts that will impinge future growth. At least 2,250 MW of planned CSP capacity was suddenly switched to PV due to the lower installation costs of PV, among other reasons. Also hidden by the high Spanish feed-in tariff is the somewhat low capacity of the plants in Spain due to less than ideal solar resources. Due to the global debt crisis, Spain had considered cutting its artificially high feed-in tariff, but to preserve investor confidence, has chosen to delay bringing some plants online and limiting the output of others.
Thermal energy storage (TES) became a big topic in 2011 with demonstrations of 24 hour generation at a plant in Spain less than four months after startup. Seven to eight hours’ storage appears to be the norm for parabolic trough plants at a cost of roughly an additional 10-11 % of the plant cost but can yield capacity factors over 50%, a key to profitability. Power towers operating at higher temperatures can achieve 10- 15 hours storage at a slightly less cost penalty.
New development and construction activities will intensify in 2012 in Australia, India, and China. China has licensed technology from eSolar and plans to build 2 GW of combined CSP/biomass plants in the next decade. India too has created a 20 GW by 2020 solar wish list. Australia continues to study the technology and is building a world study center of power tower technology.
As 2011 ends, the global capacity of utility-scale CSP will be right at 2 GW with approximately another 2500 to 3500 MW to be operational in 2012, depending on several factors. While some forecasters believe the US concentrating solar power capacity alone will reach 6 GW by 2015, SBI Energy analysis points to factors that suggest an installation rate that while consistent with the opportunities CSP represents, is more indicative of the current global economic and political realities. These factors include the events known as the Islamic Spring, the overall lingering economic doldrums, and current photovoltaic pricing wars as well as utility concerns regarding implementation of renewables on a large scale. While these concerns are not permanent, they will retard implementation of CSP for a few years.
CSP Energy tends to be CSP installation has been directly linked to government interest in the technology. CSP Global Markets provides insight into the current and future utility scale electrical generation CSP markets at both the plant and component level, with particular attention to the solar field elements which represent over 50% of the plant’s cost. For every major component, global market size is provided and forecast through 2020 based on the SBI Energy’s evaluation of the factors affecting the market growth as a whole.
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Chapter 2 Background to CSP Markets
Scope and Methodology of Report
Market Definition and History
General CSP Process Description for electricity generation
Figure 2-1 CSP process schematic
Market Categories
Parabolic troughs
Figure 2-2 Parabolic trough design
Figure 2-3 Parabolic trough mirror/receiver detail
Power Towers
Figure 2-4 Power tower design
Figure 2-5 Power tower mirror/receiver detail
Dish/Engine Systems
Figure 2-6 Dish/Engine design
Figure 2-7 Dish/engine concentration system detail
Linear Fresnel Reflectors
Figure 2-8 Fresnel lens optics
Figure 2-9 Linear Fresnel reflector detail
Thermal Storage
Figure 2-10 Thermal storage schematic detail
Hybrid Plants
Figure 2-11 Hybrid Plant Schematic
Figure 2-12 Hybrid plant power source by hour of the day
Concentrating Solar for Heat Generation
Industrial uses of solar heat
Figure 2-13 CSP -Solar Heat schematic
Figure 2-14 CSP -Global Industrial use
Residential uses of solar heat
Figure 2-15 CSP -US Residential installations
Comparison of Market Categories
Table 2-1 Features of CSP Categories
Table 2-2 Power Generation efficiency by CSP category
CSP Market Factors
Climatic Factors
Table 2-3 Climatic factors vs. Solar Energy Process
Figure 2-16 Geographic distribution of climatic factors
Power Distribution Factors
Table 2-4 Comparison of HVAC vs. HVDC
Table 2-5 Power generation factors vs. distance to market
Figure 2-17 Contribution to power grid by CSP category
Cooling Process Factors
Table 2-6 Cooling Options
Figure 2-18 Water cooling schematic
Figure 2-19 Dry cooling schematic
The Renewable Power Industry
Value of Electricity from Renewable Sources
Public policies affect on Renewable Power Generation
Policies to Promote Renewable Energy Sources
Production Tax Credits
Renewable Portfolio Standards
Renewable Power Direct Marketing
Renewable Feed-in-Tariff
Fossil Fuel Emissions Caps
Table 2-7 Pros and Cons of public policy use to promote renewable energy generation
Table 2-8 International public policies
Research investments in Renewable Energy
Table 2-9 US government investment in Renewable Energy through 2010
Table 2-10 Global public investment in Renewable Energy through 2010
Research Efforts in Solar Power
Table 2-11 US government investment in Solar Power through 2010
Table 2-12 US government investment in Solar Power currently allocated
Table 2-13 Global public investment in Solar Power through 2010
Table 2-14 Global public investment in Solar Power currently allocated
Figure 2-20 Public Investments vs. Solar power delivered though 2010
Figure 2-21 Public Investments vs. Solar power projected 2011- 2020
Research Efforts in CSP
Table 2-15 US government investment in CSP Technologies through 2010
Table 2-16 US government investment in CSP Technologies currently allocated
Table 2-17 Global public investment in CSP Technologies through 2010
Table 2-18 Global public investment in CSP Technologies currently allocated
Figure 2-22 Public Investments vs. CSP power delivered though 2010
Figure 2-23 Public Investments vs. CSP power projected 2011- 2020
Renewable Energy Market Size and Growth
Basis of Forecasts
PV
Figure 2-24 US PV Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-25 US PV Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-26 US ROI on PV Investments 2007 – 2011
Figure 2-27 US PV Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-28 Global PV Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-29 Global PV Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-30 Global PV Market 2012-2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Geothermal power
Figure 2-31 US Geothermal power Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-32 US Geothermal power Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-33 US ROI on Geothermal power Investments 2007 – 2011
Figure 2-34 US Geothermal power Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-35 Global Geothermal power Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-36 Global Geothermal power Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-37 Global Geothermal power Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Biopower
Figure 2-38 US Biopower Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-39 US Biopower Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-40 US ROI on Biopower Investments 2007 – 2011
Figure 2-41 US Biopower Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-42 Global Biopower Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-43 Global Biopower Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-44 Global Biopower Market 2012, 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Photovoltaics
Figure 2-45 US PV Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-46 US PV Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-47 US ROI on PV Investments 2007 – 2011
Figure 2-48 US PV Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-49 Global PV Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-50 Global PV Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-51 Global PV Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Concentrating Solar Power
Figure 2-52 US CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-53 US CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output
Figure 2-54 US CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-55 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-56 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned
Figure 2-57 Global CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-58 Global CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-59 Global CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-60 Global CSP Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-61 Global CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned
Concentrating Solar Process Heat
Figure 2-62 US CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Installations and Capacity
Figure 2-63 US CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Power Savings
Figure 2-64 US CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-65 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-66 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned
Figure 2-67 Global CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Planned installations and capacity
Figure 2-68 Global CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Planned Power Savings
Figure 2-69 Global CSP Market 2007 – 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-70 Global CSP Market 2012 – 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-71 Global CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned
Chapter 3 Regional and National Markets
CSP Global Market Initiative (CSP- GMI)
Table 3-1 Goals of the CSP-GMI
Figure 3-1 CSP-GMI Regions
Middle East –North Africa (MENA)
MENA Regional issues
Desertec Industrial Initiative
Dii GmbH
Table 3-2 Desertec Supporting Organizations
Figure 3-2 Desertec claims regarding CSP potential
Figure 3-3 Desertec vision of MENA power generation and distribution
Figure 3-4 MENA Regions suitable for CSP vs. implementation issues
Figure 3-5 MENA Regions suitable for CSP vs. market demand
Southwest United States-Mexico (USMEX)
USMEX Regional issues
Figure 3-6 USMEX Regions suitable for CSP vs. implementation issues
USMEX Regional markets
Figure 3-7 USMEX Regions suitable for CSP vs. market demand
Southern Europe (SoEur)
SoEur Regional issues
Figure 3-8 SoEur Regions suitable for CSP vs. implementation issues
SoEur Regional markets
Figure 3-9 SoEur Regions suitable for CSP vs. market demand
National Markets
Algeria
Algerian development activities to date
Table 3-3 Algerian development efforts through 2011
Algerian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-4 Algerian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Algerian-specific issues
Algerian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-10 Algerian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Australia
Australian development activities to date
Table 3-5 Australian development efforts through 2011
Australian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-6 Australian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Australian-specific issues
Australian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-11 Australian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Brazil
Brazilian development activities to date
Table 3-7 Brazilian development efforts through 2011
Brazilian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-8 Brazilian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Brazilian-specific issues
Brazilian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-12 Brazilian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-13 Chilean CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
China
Chinese development activities to date
Table 3-9 Chinese development efforts through 2011
Chinese installed and planned capacities
Table 3-10 Chinese installed and planned capacities through 2011
Chinese-specific issues
Chinese CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-14 Chinese CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Egypt
Egyptian development activities to date
Table 3-11 Egyptian development efforts through 2011
Egyptian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-12 Egyptian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Egyptian-specific issues
Egyptian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-15 Egyptian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Greece
Grecian development activities to date
Table 3-13 Grecian development efforts through 2011
Grecian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-14 Grecian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Grecian-specific issues
Grecian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-16 Grecian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
India
Indian development activities to date
Table 3-15 Indian development efforts through 2011
Indian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-16 Indian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Indian-specific issues
Indian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-17 Indian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Iran
Iranian development activities to date
Table 3-17 Iranian development efforts through 2011
Iranian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-18 Iranian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Iranian-specific issues
Iranian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-18 Iranian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Israel
Israeli development activities to date
Table 3-19 Israeli development efforts through 2011
Israeli installed and planned capacities
Table 3-20 Israeli installed and planned capacities through 2011
Israeli-specific issues
Israeli CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-19 Israeli CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Italy
Italian development activities to date
Table 3-21 Italian development efforts through 2011
Italian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-22 Italian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Italian-specific issues
Italian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-20 Italian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Jordan
Jordanian development activities to date
Table 3-23 Jordanian development efforts through 2011
Jordanian installed and planned capacities
Table 3-24 Jordanian installed and planned capacities through 2011
Jordanian-specific issues
Jordanian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-21 Jordanian CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Mexico
Mexican development activities to date
Table 3-25 Mexican development efforts through 2011
Mexican installed and planned capacities
Table 3-26 Mexican installed and planned capacities through 2011
Mexican-specific issues
Mexican CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-22 Mexican CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Morocco
Moroccan development activities to date
Table 3-27 Moroccan development efforts through 2011
Moroccan installed and planned capacities
Table 3-28 Moroccan installed and planned capacities through 2011
Moroccan-specific issues
Moroccan CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-23 Moroccan CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
South Africa
South African development activities to date
Table 3-29 South African development efforts through 2011
South African installed and planned capacities
Table 3-30 South African installed and planned capacities through 2011
South African-specific issues
South African CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-24 South African CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Spain
Spanish development activities to date
Table 3-31 Spanish development efforts through 2011
Spanish installed and planned capacities
Table 3-32 Spanish installed and planned capacities through 2011
Spanish-specific issues
Spanish CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-25 Spanish CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
United States
US development activities to date
Table 3-33 US development efforts through 2011
US installed and planned capacities
Table 3-34 US installed and planned capacities through 2011
US-specific issues
US CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
Figure 3-26 US CSP market forecast 2012 – 2016
African Nation’s Activities
Other African national development activities to date
Table 3-35 Other African national development efforts through 2011
Other African nation’s installed and planned capacities
Table 3-36 Other African nation’s installed and planned capacities through 2011
Other-African national specific issues
Other National Activities
Other national development activities to date
Table 3-37 Other national development efforts through 2011
Other nation’s installed and planned capacities
Table 3-38 Other nation’s installed and planned capacities through 2011
Other national specific issues
Chapter 4 CSP Components: Description, Use, and Markets
Basis of Forecasts
Figure 4-1 Components as a percentage of plant costs
Engineering, Construction, and Procurement Companies
Table 4-1 ECP firms for installed and planned CSP facilities
Figure 4-2 Market share by EPC firm
High Tech Components
Mirrors, Frames and Cleaning Systems
Desired properties of CSP mirrors
Mirrors: Glass, plastic film. or polished metal
Table 4-2 Feature comparison between mirror materials
Research in material choice
Table 4-3 Global research in mirror materials
Table 4-4 Research in CSP mirrors
Installed and planned installations of mirrors
Table 4-5 Installed mirrors by material options
Table 4-6 Planned installations of mirrors by material options
Mirrors Producers
Table 4-7 Global mirror manufacturers, installed and planned
Mirror Market and Forecasts
Figure 4-3 US and Global CSP Mirror Market: 2007 – 2011
Figure 4-4 US and Global CSP Mirror Market: 2012 – 2016
Figure 4-5 US and Global CSP Mirror Market: 2016 – 2020
Frame systems
Table 4-8 Global CSP Frames manufacturers, installed and planned
Figure 4-6 US and Global CSP Frames Market: 2007 – 2011
Figure 4-7 US and Global CSP Frames Market: 2012 – 2016
Cleaning Systems
Table 4-9 Cleaning system manufacturers, installed and planned
Figure 4-8 US and Global CSP Cleaning System Market: 2007 – 2011
Figure 4-9 US and Global CSP Cleaning System Market: 2012 – 2016
Receivers and Heat Flow Systems
Receiver, receiver support and interconnections
Desirable properties in receivers
Table 4-10 Feature comparison between Receiver designs
Research in Receiver Design
Table 4-11 Research in receiver design and materials
Installed and planned installations of mirrors
Table 4-12 Installed receivers by design
Table 4-13 Planned installations of receivers by design
Current Receiver Producers
Table 4-14 Manufacturers of receiver components
Receiver Market and Forecasts
Figure 4-10 US and Global CSP Receiver Market: 2007 – 2011
Figure 4-11 US and Global CSP Receiver Market: 2012 – 2016
Collection, piping, valves and traps
Issues unique to CSP
Operating temperature range
Environmental conditions
Length of service
Longevity of service
Accessibility for preventative maintenance and performance issues
Table 4-15 Collection and piping issues unique to CSP
Companies with installed piping systems and experience
Table 4-16 Companies with installed piping systems and experience
Collection as a function of plant parameters
Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF)
Desirable properties in HTF
Table 4-17 Feature comparison between HTF systems
Research in heat transfer fluids
Table 4-18 Research in heat transfer fluids
Installed and planned installations of HTF
Table 4-19 Heat transfer fluids in installed CSP plants
Table 4-20 Heat transfer fluids selected for planned CSP plants
HTF Market and Forecast
Figure 4-12 US and Global CSP HTF Market: 2007 – 2011
Figure 4-13 US and Global CSP HTF Market: 2012 – 2016
Established Components
Steam Generation Plant
Table 4-21 Unique CSP Steam Plant Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-14 US and Global CSP Steam Plant Installations
Figure 4-15 US and Global CSP Steam Plant Market Forecast 2012 – 2017
Cooling
Table 4-22 Unique CSP Cooling Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-16 US and Global CSP Cooling Installations
Figure 4-17 US and Global CSP Cooling Market Forecast 2012 – 2017
Thermal Storage by Molten Salts
Table 4-23 Unique CSP Thermal Storage Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-18 US and Global CSP Thermal Storage Installations
Figure 4-19 US and Global CSP Thermal Storage Market Forecast 2012 – 2017
Sun Tracking Systems
Table 4-24 Unique CSP Sun Tracking Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-20 US and Global CSP Sun Tracking Installations
Figure 4-21 US and Global CSP Sun Tracking Market Forecast 2012 – 2017
Materials of Construction
Figure 4-22 Percentage of cost of CSP installations by material of construction
Significant issues concerning materials of construction: availability, cost
Steel
Table 4-25 Steel usage in CSP
Figure 4-23 US and Global steel market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016
Copper
Table 4-26 Copper usage in CSP
Figure 4-24 US and Global copper market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016
Brass
Table 4-27 Brass usage in CSP
Figure 4-25 US and Global brass market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016
Aluminum
Table 4-28 Aluminum usage in CSP
Figure 4-26 US and Global aluminum market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016
Concrete
Table 4-29 Concrete usage in CSP
Figure 4-27 US and Global concrete market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016
Molten Salts
Table 4-30 Molten salts usage in CSP
Figure 4-28 US and Global molten salts market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016
Silica
Table 4-31 Silica usage in CSP
Figure 4-29 US and Global silica market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016
Chapter 5 Market Promotion, Distribution, and Trends
Promotion of CSP Market
General environmental movement
Figure 5-1 Growth in public demand for renewable energy sourcing
Desire for energy independence
Table 5-1 History of energy independence efforts in the US
Fear of lack of access to oil
Table 5-2 Relationship between the “Islamic Spring” uprisings, oil resources, and CSP investments
Fear of nuclear power
Table 5-3 Shifts in perception of nuclear power after 2010 Japanese tsunami
Electrical Distribution by Region
Figure 5-2 Schematic of generic electric grid
North America
US electric grid
Table 5-4 Role of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC),
Figure 5-3 Major distribution lines of continental US electric grid
Electricity generation in Hawaii and Alaska
Figure 5-4 Major distribution lines of Hawaiian and Alaskan electric grids
Table 5-5 Role of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC),
Table 5-6 Upgrades to US electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Canadian electric grid
Figure 5-5 Major distribution lines of Canadian electric grid
Mexican and Central American electric grid
Table 5-7 Status of Mexican and Central American electric grids
Figure 5-6 Major distribution lines within Central America
Table 5-8 Upgrades to Central American electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
South America
Table 5-9 Status of South America‘s electric grid
Figure 5-7 Major distribution lines within South America
Table 5-10 Upgrades to South American electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Europe and Russia
Electrical Distribution within Europe
Table 5-11 Status of European electric grid
Figure 5-8 Major distribution lines within Europe
Table 5-12 Upgrades to European electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Electrical Distribution within Russia
Table 5-13 Status of Russian electric grid
Figure 5-9 Major distribution lines within Russia
Table 5-14 Upgrades to Russian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Asia, India, and China
Electrical Distribution within Asia
Table 5-15 Status of Asia‘s electric grids
Figure 5-10 Major distribution lines within Asia
Table 5-16 Upgrades to Asian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Electrical Distribution within India
Table 5-17 Status of India‘s electric grids
Figure 5-11 Major distribution lines within India
Table 5-18 Upgrades to Indian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Electrical Distribution within China
Table 5-19 Status of China‘s electric grids
Figure 5-12 Major distribution lines within China
Table 5-20 Upgrades to Chinese electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Australia
Electrical Distribution within Australia
Table 5-21 Status of Australia‘s electric grids
Figure 5-13 Major distribution lines within Australia
Table 5-22 Upgrades to Australian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
Africa
Electrical Distribution within Africa
Table 5-23 Status of Africa‘s electric grids
Figure 5-14 Major distribution lines within Africa
Table 5-24 Upgrades to African electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030
CSP Market Trends
Investment Climate
Figure 5-15 Investments over time and world events
Public opinion
Figure 5-16 Public demand for solar energy
Proliferation of demonstration plants
Table 5-25 Recent demonstration plants
Ease of entry compared to other renewable energies
Table 5-26 New construction costs as a function of location and energy source
Continued need for premium pricing
Figure 5-17 Relative declines in power generation by energy type
Chapter 6 Competitive Profiles selected from list
3M
Abengoa USA/ Abengoa Spain
ACCIONA Solar Power/ACCIONA Energia
Alanod
Albiasa Solar
Ausra
Beacon Solar
Boeing
Bright Source Energy
Carrizo Energy
Cristaleria Espanola
Dow chemical
DuPont
Ener-T Global
Epuron
Eskom
E-solar
EuroTrough
Flabeg
Florida Power and Light
Grupo Enhol
HelioDynamics
Industrial Solar Technology Corp
Inland Energy
Naugatuck Glass
Paneltec Corp
Pilkington
Radco Industries
ReflecTech
Samca
SCHOTT Solar
Sener Group
Siemens
Sinoy Mirror
Sky Fuel
SoquiMich
Solar Millennium AG
Solar Power Group
Solel Solar Systems
Solargenix Energy
Sopogy
Stirling Energy Systems
Chapter 7 End Users
Public End Users
Utility Companies
Table 7-1 US Utilities operating CSP
Public perception of renewable energy
Figure 7-1 Changes in public perception over time
Perception of CSP vs. other renewable energy sources
Trends in public perception
Public willingness to pay premium pricing for renewable energy
Figure 7-2 Distribution of premium price options and acceptance
Industrial End Users
Uses by industry
Table 7-2 CSP Industrial Applications
Motivation factors for industrial users
Table 7-3 Leading motivators for industrial CSP use
Implementation Trends of industrial users
Table 7-4 Implementation Trends of Industrial CSP Applications
Appendices
List of Abbreviations
Selected marketers contact information
Selected Organizations, Research Institutes, and Universities- contact information
Installed and Planned CSP Facilities
Selected CSP Facilities: Profiles and contact information
